LEKTION 21
The Present Perfect
The Present Perfect is used, above all in the spoken language whilst in the written langauge you use more the past tense.
The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "haben" (or in some cases, with the auxiliary verb "sein", when the main verb indicates movement), followed by the participle of the main verb.
Here are some examples:
The auxiliary verb "haben" - is used with the majority of verbs
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Ich habe gearbeitet |
I have worked |
Du hast gearbeitet |
You have worked |
Er hat gearbeitet |
He has worked |
Wir haben gearbeitet |
We have worked |
Ihr habt gearbeitet |
You have worked |
Sie haben gearbeitet |
They have worked |
The auxiliary verb "sein" - is used with verbs of movement and with the verbs "bleiben" (to remain), "passieren" (to happen) and"sein"
|
Ich bin gekommen |
I have come |
Du bist gekommen |
You have come |
Es ist gekommen |
He has come |
Wir sind geblieben |
We have stayed |
Ihr seid gewesen |
You have been |
Sie sind gewesen |
They have been |
In a sentence, the auxiliary is placed after the subject, whilst the main verb goes at the end. Between both you can place the different compliments.
I habe ein Buch gelesen |
I have read a book |
Ich bin nach Italien gefahren |
I have been to Italy |
Er ist in Madrid gewesen |
He has been in Madrid |
Mein Bruder hat ein Haus gekauft |
My brother has bought a house |
VOCABULARY
Boat |
Schiff (n) |
Seaman |
Seemann (m) |
Bow |
Bug (m) |
Deck |
Deck (n) |
Stern |
Heck (n) |
Cabinboy |
Schiffsjunge (m) |
Starboard |
Steverbord (n) |
Rudder |
Steuer (n) |
Port |
Backboard (n) |
Yacht |
Jacht (f) |
Mast |
Mast (m) |
Rudder |
Ruder (n) |
Cabin |
Kajüte (f) |
Anchor |
Anker (m) |
Sail |
Segel (n) |
Captail |
Kapitän (m) |
To sail |
Segeln |
To sink |
Versinken |
To be shipwrecked |
Schiffbruch erleiden |
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