Marx's Theory of Alienation:
The concept of alienation used by Hegel (for him, both nature and society are 'alienations' of the spirit) is taken up again by Marx. He gives this concept a more concrete sense by stating that 'alienation' is produced when the product of work appears as 'alien' to the worker. Thus, this product turns into merchandise or a simple 'product of labour' in the eyes of the worker. This is a phenomenon which, according to him, only happens in a society divided into classes.
Parting from actual facts of Capitalist economy, Marx states that the Object produced by work faces that produced as an independent power. Consequently, it is not a characteristic of work in general 9as stated by Hegel), but a result of a social division of labour.
Now that we've reached this point, it is a good idea for us to take a moment to deduce the real meaning of the Marxist concept of 'social division of labour'.
We need to be clear that Marx refers in both cases to the ‘real’ property of the means of production:
REAL PROPERTY = POWER OF DISPOSAL + POSSESSION AND DOMINANCE = EFFECTIVE POSSESSION
